Here, a high density genetic map … al (2016) identified two ancestral components in mainland India that are major for the Austro-Asiatic-speaking tribals and the Tibeto-Burman speakers, which they denoted as AAA (for "Ancestral Austro-Asiatic") and ATB (for "Ancestral Tibeto-Burman") respectively. In Pakistan, the highest frequencies of J2-M172 were observed among the Parsis at 38.89%, the Dravidian speaking Brahuis at 28.18% and the Makrani Balochs at 24%. There is growing interest in the development of agriculture in Central Asia (Frachetti et al. These lineages were most likely introduced to South Asia during the Middle Palaeolithic, before the peopling of Europe 48,000 years ago and perhaps the Old World in general. [24] South Asian U lineages differ substantially from those in Europe and their coalescence to a common ancestor also dates back to about 50,000 years.[1]. In India, high percentage of this haplogroup is observed in West Bengal Brahmins (72%)[47] to the east, Gujarat Lohanas (60%)[48] to the west, Khatris (67%)[48] in north, Iyengar Brahmins (31%) in the south. Genetic Map of East Asia (Koreans Japanese Chinese) Report. In Pakistan, it is found at 71% among the Mohanna of Sindh Province to the south and 46% among the Baltis of Gilgit-Baltistan to the north. [12], Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans.[23]. See inline comment how to fix. [6] Basu et al. It is a branch of Haplogroup F and descends from GHIJK family. (2003) suggests that "Dravidian tribals were possibly widespread throughout India before the arrival of the Indo-European-speaking nomads" and that "formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations". (2001) suggests an affinity between South Asian male lineages and west Eurasians proportionate to upper caste rank and places upper caste populations of southern Indian states closer to East Europeans. [5], A genetic study published in 2020 in the Journal Gene: X by Rowold et al. Moreover, the mtDNA haplogroup M and the Y-chromosome haplogroups C and D are restricted to the area east of South Asia. And the discovery of this common genetic heritage, he added, was a "reassuring social message", that "robbed racism of much biological support". also suggest possible gene flow into the Andamanese from a population related to the ASI. shows relatively high density in Pakistan and NW India but also in Karnataka, where it reaches its higher density. A high-density genetic map is essential for comparative genomic studies and fine mapping of QTL and can also facilitate genome sequence assembly. All three branches of Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) are found in South Asia. Lazaridis et al. [33] In Maldives, 20.6% of Maldivian population were found to be haplogroup J2 positive. The population groups included those from the Human Genome Diversity Panel [Cambodian, Yi, Daur, Mongolian, Lahu, Dai, Hezhen, Miaozu, Naxi, Oroqen, She, Tu, Tujia, Naxi, Xibo, and Yakut], HapMap [ Han Chinese (CHB) and Japanese (JPT)], and East Asian or East Asian American subjects of Vietnamese, Korean, Filipino and Chinese ancestry. (2003) also emphasises underlying unity of female lineages in India. The study also noted that ancient South Asian samples had significantly higher Steppe_MLBA than Steppe_EMBA (or Yamnaya). The genetic history of Europe since the Upper Paleolithic is inseparable from that of wider Western Eurasia.By about 50-40,000 years ago (50-40 ka) a basal West Eurasian lineage had emerged (alongside a separate East Asian lineage) out of the undifferentiated "non-African" lineage of 70-50 ka. 12%[43]) and Pashtuns (approx. Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in … The study also infers that the populations of the Andaman Islands archipelago form a distinct ancestry, which "was found to be coancestral to Oceanic populations". [10][11], It has been found that the ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types (mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) typically found in Central Asia, the West Asia and Europe are also to be found in South Asia at relatively high frequencies. Its highest frequency can be found in south western Balochistan province along the Makran coast (28%) to Indus River delta. It showed that the continent was likely populated primarily through a single migration event from the south. Dec 15, 2017 - Ethno-genetic map of Europe: Groupings based on y-DNA Haplogroups (2006) and Sengupta et al. ":[65], These results suggest that the European-related ancestry in Indian populations might be much older and more complex than anticipated, and might originate from the first wave of agriculturists or even earlier, Results of studies based upon autosomal DNA variation have also been varied. Haplogroup J2 has been present in South Asia mostly as J2a-M410 and J2b-M102, since neolithic times (9500 YBP). The large data set has been necessary to establish what was common and unique to the different types of cancer. [71], David Reich in his 2018 book Who We Are and How We Got Here states that the 2016 analyses found the ASI to have significant amounts of an ancestry component deriving from Iranian farmers (about 25% of their ancestry), with the remaining 75% of their ancestry deriving from native South Asian hunter-gatherers. J Hum Genet 65, 1125–1128 (2020). The authors also argue that the native South Asian genetic component is distinct from the Andamanese, and that the Andamanese are thus an imperfect proxy. [1][2][3] It is likely that haplogroup M was brought to Asia from East Africa along the southern route by earliest migration wave 78,000 years ago. [33] Among tribal groups, Karmalis of West Bengal showed highest at 100%[15] followed by Lodhas (43%)[56] to the east, while Bhil of Gujarat in the west were at 18%,[30] Tharus of north showed it at 17%,[4] Chenchu and Pallan of south were at 20% and 14% respectively. [14] The presence of haplogroup L is quite rare among tribal groups (ca. Studies based on Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations have reported genetic unity across various South Asian sub–populations, showing that most of the ancestral nodes of the phylogenetic tree of all the mtDNA types originated in South Asia. [14] It inferred, "essentially all the ancestry of present-day eastern and southern Asians (prior to West Eurasian-related admixture in southern Asians) derives from a single eastward spread, which gave rise in a short span of time to the lineages leading to AASI, East Asians, Onge, and Australians. Science & Environment, Tourists flock to 'Jesus's tomb' in Kashmir. [56] Mukherjee et al. [34], According to Dr. Spencer Wells, L-M20 originated in the Pamir Knot region in Tajikistan and migrated into Pakistan and India ca. These deep rooting lineages are not language specific and spread over all the language groups in India. has highest concentration in Uttar Pradesh but is also found in many other places, specially in Kerala and Sri Lanka. Science & Environment, 05 Oct 06 |  "[78], A 2011 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics[5] indicates that Indian ancestral components are the result of a more complex demographic history than was previously thought. [43] Among the Hunza people it is found at 18% while the Parsis show it at 20%. observe that samples from the Indus periphery group are always mixes of the same two proximal sources of AASI and Iranian agriculturalist-related ancestry; with "one of the Indus Periphery individuals having ~42% AASI ancestry and the other two individuals having ~14-18% AASI ancestry" (with the remainder of their ancestry being from the Iranian agriculturalist-related population). Haplogroup H is frequently found among populations of India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan and the Maldives. The Indian Genome Variation Consortium (2008), divides the population of South Asia into four ethnolinguistic groups: Indo-European, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic. These two "reconstructed" ancient populations he termed "Ancestral South Indians" (ASI) and "Ancestral North Indians" (ANI). found their samples to have about 50-98% of their genome from peoples related to early Iranian farmers, and from 2-50% of their genome from native South Asian … (2009) are in remarkable concordance with previous research using mtDNA and Y-DNA:[69]. (2007) analysed 25 South Asian Austro-Asiatic tribes and found strong paternal genetic link among the sub-linguistic groups of the South Asian Austro-Asiatic populations. East Asians and Southeast Asians were most distant to both West-Eurasians and Sub-Saharan Africans and formed a completely separate cluster. Edison Liu from the Genome Institute of Singapore was a leading member of the consortium. According to the researchers, South Asia harbours two major ancestral components, one of which is spread at comparable frequency and genetic diversity in populations of Central Asia, West Asia and Europe; the other component is more restricted to South Asia. 2017 concluded that Indian Y-lineages are close to southern European populations and the time of divergence between the two predated Steppe migration. The inferred divergence of this common ancestral node is estimated to have occurred slightly less than 50,000 years ago. Most important South Asian haplogroups within R:[23], Haplogroup U is a sub-haplogroup of macrohaplogroup R.[23] The distribution of haplogroup U is a mirror image of that for haplogroup M: the former has not been described so far among eastern Asians but is frequent in European populations as well as among South Asians. [31] It also occurs at 18.18% in Makrani Siddis and at 3% in Karnataka Siddis. 5–6%). (2006) suggest that Indian caste populations have not been subject to any recent admixtures. While the ANI is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians and Europeans, the ASI is not closely related to groups outside of the subcontinent. The study found that, as expected, individuals who were from the same region, or who shared a common language also had a great deal in common genetically. The current distributions of haplogroup frequencies are, with the exception of the lineages, predominantly driven by geographical, rather than cultural determinants. [67], A 2013 study using the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), shows that the genome of Andamanese people (Onge) is closer to those of other Oceanic Negrito groups than to that of South Asians. found their samples to have about 50-98% of their genome from peoples related to early Iranian farmers, and from 2-50% of their genome from native South Asian hunter-gatherers sharing a common ancestry with the Andamanese, with the Iranian-related ancestry being on average predominant.
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